Case Study: Measles in HIV-infected children in southern Africa
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چکیده
In recent years, southern Africa has experienced a substantial and persistent outbreak of measles, with the greatest impact seen in children. As southern Africa is also the region of the globe with the highest prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a large proportion of measles infections in the recent outbreak has been seen in HIV-infected children, including in Botswana, one of the world’s highest paediatric HIV prevalence settings, where approximately 3% of all children under age 18 years are HIV infected.1
منابع مشابه
Measles outbreak in South Africa, 2003-2005.
OBJECTIVES Measles was virtually eliminated in South Africa following control activities in 1996/7. However, from July 2003 to November 2005, 1676 laboratory-confirmed measles cases were reported in South Africa. We investigated the outbreak's cause and the role of HIV. DESIGN We traced laboratory-confirmed case-patients residing in the Johannesburg metropolitan (JBM) and O. R. Tambo district...
متن کاملFirst 5 years of measles elimination in southern Africa: 1996-2000.
BACKGROUND Measles is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable death in Africa. Regional measles elimination is considered feasible using current vaccines and a series of WHO-recommended strategies. We aimed to interrupt transmission of measles, and to use case-based surveillance to show the effect of such interruption. METHODS In southern Africa from 1996, seven countries with a total popula...
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BACKGROUND The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is the most cost-effective measures to control vaccine-preventable diseases. Currently, the EPI schedule is similar for HIV-infected children; the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) should considerably prolong their life expectancy. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To evaluate the persistence of antibodies to the EPI vaccines in HI...
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OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of the HIV pandemic on vaccine-acquired population immunity to measles virus because high levels of population immunity are required to eliminate transmission of measles virus in large geographical areas, and HIV infection can reduce the efficacy of measles vaccination. METHODS A literature review was conducted to estimate key parameters relating to the potent...
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It is estimated globally 3.2 million children were living with HIV in 2014, that mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the majority of them infected to HIV from their mothers during pregnancy, during delivery or breastfeeding (1). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) use during and after pregnancy is essential for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV (2). In the absence of any in...
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